First of all, we need to know the definitions of original goods, bulk new goods and refurbished goods in the industry.
Original goods: produced by the original factory, divided into imported original and domestic original.
Bulk new goods: The word "scattered new goods" is mainly used in the aspect of IC chips, and the main meanings are:
1. This product is not produced by the original factory, it may be produced by other manufacturers, but it is the original brand, that is, a fake product, and the supplier calls it loose new or original product to deceive people!
2. It is produced by the original factory, but it is some unqualified materials. The original factory will reduce the price and dispose of it through other channels. After the seller comes in, they call it Sanxin!
3. It is produced by the original factory, used, polished, tinned, and wiped the feet. After a series of treatments, the appearance looks good, and it is sold out. It is also called Sanxin, but it is actually refurbished!
Refurbished goods: refers to the product produced by the original factory, after use, there is a certain degree of wear and tear, and there is a gap in performance in all aspects when it was first produced by the original factory. After special processing, its appearance or performance is restored to be close to the original. The state just produced by the factory is called refurbishment!
Old disassembled parts: those produced by the original factory, those that have been used, and those that have been removed from the circuit board. It has not been treated with corner washing.
Generally, if you buy chips with an amount of 30 to 50 pieces, it is best to find an agency or its distributor instead of going to the general "unified goods" counter to get the goods. Generally, the spot goods on the counter that do everything (so-called unified goods) are basically Refurbished goods or second-hand goods, and they look at people’s quotations, and most of them dare not go too far by experts or acquaintances, but ordinary people are still deceived if they can, and they are deceived if they can. This is indeed a relatively common phenomenon (the morality of Chinese people The collapse is comprehensive), everyone should pay more attention. Even if you buy goods at such a counter, you must make it clear that you will replace them if they are damaged, and remember to "shop around". In addition, the transaction price should be much lower than the original price, otherwise it is better to find a regular agent. You must know that the purchase price of many processed old chips is only about 10%-20% of the market price of new chips!
There are two ways to disassemble used goods:
Hot air method, this method is a formal method, used for cleaner and tidy boards, especially more valuable SMD boards.
The "frying" method, which is indeed true, is "frying" with a blend of high-boiling mineral oil, which is often used for very old or messy junk boards.
Here I want to make it clear to everyone: if the waste generated during the separation and remanufacturing of old films is not properly disposed of, it will seriously pollute the environment (contains a large amount of toxic compounds and heavy metals that are difficult to degrade), and the cost of "proper disposal" will be higher than All the proceeds are recycled, so some companies in developed countries would rather spend money and pay shipping costs to "send" e-waste to China and some countries in South Asia than dispose of it by themselves. There is a "talk" in this. The price difference between old and new chips is far from recovering the loss of environmental pollution. Everyone must be aware of this!
Formal agents for chip sales generally work in office buildings. Electronic markets such as Huaqiang and SEG also sell new products. Most of them are located in separate rooms around the lobby, and there are also a few counters. When purchasing chips, you should pay attention to identifying them.
The main ways to distinguish original genuine goods from refurbished goods are:
1. Check whether there are traces of polishing on the surface of the chip. There will be fine lines or even micro-marks of previous printing on the surface of the chip that has been polished, and some of them are covered with a thin layer of paint on the surface of the chip, which looks a little shiny and has no plastic texture.
2. Look at the printed characters. Most of the current chips are marked by laser or printed by a dedicated chip printer. The writing is clear, not conspicuous, not blurry and difficult to erase. The refurbished chip either has a "jaggy" feeling on the edge of the writing due to corrosion by the cleaning agent, or the printing is blurred, uneven in depth, out of position, easy to erase or too conspicuous. In addition, the screen printing process is now eliminated by major IC manufacturers, but many chip refurbishments still use the silk screen process due to cost reasons. Or feel astringent. However, it should be noted that due to the recent sharp reduction in the price of small laser marking machines, more and more refurbished ICs use laser marking, and some new chips will also use this method to change the word mark or simply reprint to "improve" The grade of the chip requires special attention, and the method of distinguishing is more difficult, and it is necessary to practice "sighting eyes". The main method is to look at the overall coordination. The handwriting does not match the background and the newness of the pins. For example, the wordmark is too new or too clear. There are also problems. However, many small factories, especially some small domestic IC companies However, this method adds a lot of trouble to the identification, but this method is still very meaningful for judging the chips of mainstream manufacturers. In addition, recently, more and more laser marking machines are used to modify chip marks, especially in memory and some high-end chips. Once you find that the laser printing position has individual letters that are uneven and the strokes are uneven in thickness, it can be identified as Remark. of.
3. Look at the pins. All tin-plated pins that are as bright as "new" must be refurbished products. Most of the pins of genuine ICs should be so-called "silver powder pins", which are darker but uniform in color, and there should be no oxidation marks or "flux" on the surface. ', In addition, there should be no traces of scratches on the pins of DIP and other plug-ins. Even if there are (only after repackaging), the scratches should be neat and in the same direction, and the exposed metal parts should be clean and free of oxidation.
4. Look at the production date of the device and the label of the packaging factory. The labeling of genuine products, including the labeling on the bottom of the chip, should be consistent and the production time should be consistent with that of the device, while the labeling of unremarked refurbished chips is confusing and the production time is different. Although the front label of the Remark chip is consistent, sometimes the value is unreasonable (for example, what is marked as "auspicious number") or the production date does not match the device product. If the label on the bottom of the device is confusing, it means that the device is Remark.
5. Measure the thickness of the device and look at the edge of the device. Many original laser-printed refurbished sheets (mostly power devices) must be polished deeply to remove the original mark, so the overall thickness of the device will be significantly smaller than the normal size, but without comparison or measurement with a caliper, generally inexperienced people still It's hard to tell, but there is a workaround, which is to look at the front edge of the device. Because the plastic-encapsulated device must be "demolded" after injection molding, the edge corner of the device is round (R angle), but the size is not large. It is easy to grind the rounded corner into a right angle during grinding, so once the front edge of the device is a right angle , can be judged as polished goods.
In addition, another method is to see if the merchant has a large number of original packaging materials, including cartons with the same internal and external signs, anti-static plastic bags, etc. In actual identification, multiple methods should be used. If there is a problem, it can be identified The quality of the device.
In addition, some counters may also bring new products under the insistence of customers, but they must be from those merchants who actually make new films, but they will definitely tell customers to go to the warehouse to get the goods, so don’t take it seriously!
If there is a writing chip that we cannot judge with the naked eye and experience, we can use a writing tool, such as a magnifying glass and a digital magnifying glass to polish the surface of the refurbished chip. There are tiny holes on the surface that we cannot see with the naked eye, so we must use equipment. Come and observe!
There are a few key points:
1. Looking at the typing, generally refurbished and retyped (white characters) can be erased with 'Tianna water' (chemical thinner) are generally refurbished products, and the original products cannot be erased.
2. Looking at the pins, the pins of the original product are very neat and like a straight line, while the pins of the refurbished ones are not neat and a little crooked.
3. Look at the positioning holes. Observe that the positioning holes of the original goods are relatively consistent. Some of the refurbished products are of different shades or are completely polished. If you look carefully, you can see the traces of the original positioning holes. In the actual work, we must observe carefully, some counterfeiting technology is quite high, so be careful!
Due to the large number of IC models, during the R&D and production process, some new material numbers often need to be purchased as samples or in small batches. Although the quality of the agent is good, but the quantity is too small, it is generally unwilling to deal with you, unless there is a stock and you come to pick it up. The minimum order quantity may not be reached for the order period, and the delivery period may be unacceptably long, and it is not easy to apply for samples. The products on the electronic market are mixed with good and evil people, and purchasing friends need to keep their eyes open to find the goods. It is best to find a few honest companies for long-term cooperation, so that the quality can be guaranteed.
The following introduces several commonly used methods of distinguishing bulk new and original goods for reference.
1. Disassembly sheet
These chips are disassembled from the circuit board and then classified. The pins obviously have traces of soldering, which are shiny, and the spacing between the pins is obviously different. The size, font, and depth of the printed text and patterns are different, and the production batch number Generally not the same, the origin logo on the back is more complicated, the quality of this kind of chip is very poor, the price is cheap, many of them may be broken, and the defect rate is relatively high.
2. Grinding sheet
These chips are very similar to brand-new chips. There are basically no obvious differences in the size, font, and depth of printed text and patterns on the surface, and the batch number is also the same. However, if you look closely at the surface of the chip, you will find many tiny parallel scratches, and the origin logo on the back is also different. , the pins are generally not shiny, but matte, with traces of oxidation, and the pin spacing is relatively consistent. Be careful with this type of chip, it may be a very old product refurbished, or it may be the batch number If it is not unified, it may be changed by a substitute. The polished one is afraid that there are mixed materials in it or used refurbished ones. There are also many unscrupulous merchants who sell original goods, deceive buyers, and kill people. I despise such merchants here.
3. New releases
The size, font, and depth of the printed text and patterns on the surface of these chips are different, and the production batch numbers are generally different. It is a trader who puts unused chips collected from various sources in a tube and sells them. The quality of these chips is average, the price is moderate, and manufacturers with low requirements can choose them.
4. New film
The size, font, depth, production batch number, and production area markings on the surface of these chips are very consistent, the pins are very neat, and there will be a bright mark in the middle of the matte surface. Transparent, no yellowing. This is the original product, which is produced and packaged by the original chip factory. This type of chip has good quality and slightly higher price. It is recommended to use this type. The quality is guaranteed.
Some friends will ask, where do so many new products come from? Most of the bulk new goods come from Cong Chaoshan, where they have purchased some electrical waste (commonly known as "e-waste") abroad for a long time. After they are shipped back, they are dismantled, sorted, sorted, refurbished, packaged, and then sold in the electronic market. operate.
I am really not flattered about the integrity of some unscrupulous merchants, cheating buyers, and being irresponsible for product quality issues. There are numerous examples of buyers suffering disastrous losses due to counterfeit issues.
But there are no absolutes. In fact, there are many merchants in China who are very good. They tell you what they want, and they don’t deceive buyers. Therefore, we can’t knock down a boat with a bamboo stick, after all, the forest is big. , all kinds of birds. Therefore, our dear purchasing friends, the most important thing is to see the goods clearly, and don't bother to ask clearly. Of course, it is best to cooperate with reputable merchants! That's a guarantee of quality!
If you still don’t understand, please mail to lisa.wang@pcb-hero.com
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