Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) is a remote sensing technology that uses light in the form of a pulsed laser to measure variable distances to the Earth or other objects. These light pulses, combined with other data recorded by the LiDAR system, create detailed, precise three-dimensional information about the shape and surface characteristics of objects and landscapes.
Key components of a LiDAR system typically include a laser, a scanner, and a specialized GPS receiver. Airplanes and helicopters are often used to acquire LiDAR data over broad areas.
LiDAR technology has a wide range of applications including:
- Topographic Mapping: Creating detailed maps and models of terrain and landscapes.
- Forestry: Measuring canopy heights, biomass, and carbon stocks.
- Environmental Monitoring: Assessing changes in the environment, such as erosion, glacial movements, and sea-level rise.
- Urban Planning: Modeling cities, assessing infrastructure, and planning new developments.
- Autonomous Vehicles: Enabling vehicles to detect obstacles and navigate safely.
LiDAR is valued for its accuracy and ability to capture data rapidly over large areas, making it a powerful tool in geospatial analysis.