How to Check a Zener Diode's Voltage ?

To verify a Zener diode's breakdown voltage (Vz), you can perform a simple test circuit using a power supply, resistor, and multimeter. Here’s a step-by-step guide:


Method 1: Using a Power Supply & Multimeter

Components Needed:

  • Zener diode (unknown Vz)

  • Variable DC power supply (or a battery + voltage regulator)

  • Resistor (1kΩ–10kΩ, to limit current)

  • Multimeter (in voltage mode)

Steps:

  1. Build the Circuit:

    • Connect the Zener diode in reverse bias (cathode to +V, anode to GND).

    • Add a current-limiting resistor in series (e.g., 1kΩ).

    Power Supply (+) → Resistor → Zener (Cathode) → Zener (Anode) → GND
  2. Power On:

    • Gradually increase the supply voltage while monitoring the voltage across the Zener (multimeter probes on cathode and anode).

  3. Measure Vz:

    • Once the voltage across the Zener stops increasing and stabilizes, that’s the Zener voltage (Vz).

    • Example: If the voltage stays at 5.1V even when the supply reaches 9V, Vz = 5.1V.

  4. Check Current:

    • Ensure the current through the Zener is within its rated limits (see datasheet).

    • Calculate current:

      I=VsupplyVzR

      (e.g., for 9V supply, 5.1V Zener, 1kΩ resistor: I=3.9mA).


Method 2: Using a Curve Tracer (Oscilloscope)

For precision:

  • Use a curve tracer or oscilloscope in XY mode to plot the Zener’s I-V characteristics.

  • The "knee" point where current sharply rises is Vz.


Method 3: Quick Check with a Multimeter (Diode Mode)

  • Limitation: Most multimeters won’t show Vz in diode mode (they only test forward bias ≈0.7V).

  • Alternative: Use a transistor tester (e.g., TC1) that can measure Vz.


Safety Tips:

  • Don’t exceed the Zener’s power rating:

    Pmax=Vz×Imax

    (e.g., a 500mW 5.1V Zener can handle up to ~100mA).

  • Start with low voltage to avoid damaging the diode.


Example Circuit Diagram:

[Power Supply]  
   |  
  [R]  
   |  
  [Zener] → [Multimeter]  
   |  
  GND  

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Need help identifying a Zener’s specs? Share its markings (e.g., "5V1" = 5.1V)!