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Controller:
This is typically a microcontroller or microprocessor that generates low-power control signals for the driver. It produces logic outputs like PWM and direction commands.
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Motor Driver IC:
This integrated circuit contains the power electronics like MOSFETs and amplifiers that handle the high currents and voltages for driving the motor. It serves as the power interface between the controller and the motor.
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Motor:
Brushed DC motors, brushless DC motors, and stepper motors are some common types interfaced with drivers. Each has unique control requirements.
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Power Supply:
Provides the necessary input voltage and current for operating the driver circuitry and motor. Needs to match driver and motor requirements.
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Passive Components:
Additional capacitors, resistors, and inductors help filter noise, shape signals and protect components from surges.
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Communication:
Many modern drivers provide communication interfaces like SPI or CAN bus to receive commands and return diagnostic data.
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Protection Features:
Overcurrent, overtemperature and fault detection features prevent damage and enhance reliability.
